Cs Cmax serves as a critical indicator for predicting Cs-related neuropsychiatric ADRs, with higher Cmax correlating with an increased likelihood of neuropsychiatric ADRs. Dynamic monitoring of Cs Cmax combined with alcohol history assessment in clinical practice can enable accurate identification of high-risk populations for neuropsychiatric ADRs, thereby providing a scientific basis for developing individualized medication regimens and implementation of early interventions.

This investigation successfully developed a PPK model for TGC in critically ill patients with TB/NTM co-infections. The findings underscore body weight as the primary covariate influencing TGC disposition, while concomitant P-gp inducer therapy did not significantly alter its PK profile. These insights support the rationale for weight-adjusted dosing regimens to optimize therapeutic efficacy in complex infections. Nevertheless, external validation through multicenter studies with expanded sample sizes is warranted to enhance the generalizability of these conclusions.